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India has experienced a significant shift towards digital payment methods in recent years, with the introduction of UPI being one of the most notable advancements. Unified Payments Interfaceis a digital payment system that enables the instant transfer of money between two bank accounts through a mobile device. The system was launched in 2016 by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) payments. However, since its inception, the platform has evolved to become an important tool for small business owners and vendors. This article will explore how UPI payments have become a game changer for small business owners and vendors in India.
One of the key benefits of UPI is its ease of use, which makes it an attractive option for small business owners and vendors. To use UPI, one needs to have a bank account and a UPI ID. The UPI ID can be created through a bank account or UPI-enabled mobile applications such as BHIM, Google Pay, PhonePe, etc. Once the UPI ID is created, it can be used to receive payments from customers directly into the vendor’s bank account. This process eliminates the need for additional hardware or software, making it easy for small vendors and merchants to accept digital payments.
Unlike traditional payment methods, such as credit cards and debit cards, UPI payments do not require any physical cards or point-of-sale (POS) machines. With UPI, small vendors and merchants can simply display their UPI ID, and customers can make payments through their UPI-enabled mobile applications. This convenience makes it easier for small vendors and merchants to accept digital payments, even if they do not have access to traditional payment infrastructure.
[bsa_pro_ad_space id=1]The low transaction fees associated with UPI is another benefit for suppliers and owners of small businesses. Credit cards and debit cards, two common forms of payment, can have expensive transaction fees, especially for small businesses. The transaction costs are often substantially cheaper using UPI. The maximum transaction fee has been fixed by NPCI at INR 0.30 per transaction for transactions up to INR 1,000 and INR 0.60 per transaction for transactions beyond INR 1,000 as of September 2021. Since they may reduce transaction costs and boost their profit margins, small vendors and merchants can benefit from using UPI.
Due to the real-time nature of UPI payments, small firms may quickly receive payments. Small vendors and retailers that need to manage their cash flow and have rapid access to funds should pay particular attention to this aspect. With UPI, there are no middlemen or processing delays because the money is sent directly from the customer's bank account to the vendor's bank account. This enables small business owners to handle their money more effectively and steer clear of cash flow problems.
[bsa_pro_ad_space id=1] [bsa_pro_ad_space id=1]Traditional payment systems frequently fall short of providing the same degree of security that UPI does. Each UPI transaction is authenticated by a distinct UPI PIN, assisting in the reduction of fraud and unlawful transactions. During registration, the user sets a UPI PIN, which is necessary for all transactions. By adding another layer of protection, this makes sure that only permitted transactions are carried out. Moreover, UPI payments are performed through secure channels, guaranteeing that the information related to the transaction is protected.
Moreover, UPI has a function known as "collect request" that enables businesses to send payment requests to clients without having to provide their UPI ID or cellphone number. Customers can authorise the payment using their UPI PIN after receiving a notice on their UPI-compatible mobile application. Small company owners and suppliers who want to keep some sort of privacy may not want to reveal their UPI ID or cell number to every client but may find this option to be very helpful.
To protect the security and safety of transactions, UPI has transaction restrictions. The transaction threshold per transaction is set at INR 1 lakh for individual users and INR 2 lakhs for small businesses as of September 2021. A daily transaction cap of INR 2 lacks for individual users and INR 5 lakhs for small businesses has also been established by NPCI. These transaction limitations guarantee that transactions are within an acceptable range and assist to avoid fraudulent operations. Small businesses may profit from digital payments while still being safe and secure thanks to these transaction restrictions, which may not be suited for bigger companies.
UPI has played a significant role in promoting financial inclusion in India. Small company owners and suppliers who were previously shut out of the conventional banking system may now use digital payment systems thanks to UPI. Without a physical location or POS equipment, UPI has made it simpler for small companies to accept payments and manage their money. The digital gap has widened as a result, and more small firms are now utilising the official banking system. Also, UPI has been critical in making payments easier for the unorganised sector, which accounts for a sizeable chunk of the Indian economy. Small businesses and merchants that work in the unorganised sector have found it simpler to accept digital payments thanks to UPI, which was previously difficult because of a lack of infrastructure and resources. This has helped to formalise the unorganized sector, promoting transparency and accountability.
UPI's popularity has grown dramatically since its launch in 2016. UPI has more than 300 million registered users as of August 2021 and processed more than 3 billion transactions monthly. In India, UPI has surpassed other digital payment options like credit and debit cards to become the preferred way of transaction. More clients are adopting UPI-enabled smartphone applications for their transactions, making it simpler for small company owners and vendors to accept digital payments. Compatibility with other Services The integration of UPI with other services is an additional benefit for suppliers and owners of small businesses. Bill payment, cell phone recharges, and online shopping are just a few of the extra services provided by UPI-enabled mobile applications like BHIM, Google Pay, PhonePe, etc. Small company owners and suppliers may more easily manage their accounts and make payments for business costs thanks to this connection. Moreover, transaction analytics are offered by UPI-enabled mobile applications, allowing small company owners to keep track of their transactions and manage their money more skilfully.
While UPI offers small company owners and vendors a number of advantages, there are some drawbacks to the system as well. The ignorance about UPI and its advantages among small company owners and sellers is one of the difficulties. Unknown to many small company owners and suppliers is UPI and how it might assist them in accepting digital payments. This ignorance may prevent small enterprises from implementing UPI. The absence of infrastructure in some locations, especially rural ones, is another problem. Although UPI has made it simpler for small businesses to accept digital payments, UPI adoption may be hampered in some places by a lack of infrastructure. For example, some areas may not have access to reliable internet connectivity, which can affect the performance of UPI-enabled mobile applications.
Some other challenges include UPI transactions frequently experiencing technical problems such as transaction failure, sluggish processing, and system outages. Users may become annoyed and frustrated by these technological problems, which may make them less likely to utilise UPI in the future; the risk of cyber assaults has also grown along with the growth of UPI transactions. Users may suffer financial losses as a result of fraudsters using system flaws to steal financial and personal information.
Therefore, even though UPI has revolutionised how Indians make payments, overcoming these obstacles is essential to ensuring its success and widespread adoption.
For Indian small company owners and vendors, UPI has changed the game by giving them a simple, affordable, and secure option to take digital payments. The unorganised sector has been formalised by UPI, which has made it simpler for small enterprises to handle their money and utilise digital payment systems. Although UPI has significant drawbacks, the advantages exceed these drawbacks by a wide margin, and the drawbacks can eventually be resolved as infrastructure and awareness grow.
The foreign market is one area with great development potential for UPI. UPI is now mostly utilised within India for domestic transactions. Nonetheless, there is an increasing need for cross-border payment solutions as a result of rising globalisation and the development of e-commerce. UPI may be very helpful in enabling cross-border payments, especially for small enterprises that conduct business abroad.
In the government's initiatives to encourage digital payments and lessen the usage of cash in the economy, UPI has the potential to have a substantial influence. Via a number of measures, including the Digital India program and the demonetisation of high-value currency notes in 2016, the Indian government has been actively encouraging digital payments. UPI has been instrumental in these efforts, giving people and companies a simple, safe, and safe means to conduct digital payments.
In conclusion, UPI has become an effective tool for Indian small company owners and vendors, giving them a quick and easy way to receive electronic payments. Small companies have benefited greatly from UPI, which has reduced transaction costs, improved cash flow management, and boosted financial inclusion. UPI has the ability to change how small companies function in India and elsewhere as acceptance and awareness rise.
Jagriti Tamuli
M.A (History), Amity University Noida