IANS
LONDON, APRIL 17
Cases of an antibiotic resistant sexually transmitted infection have been detected in London after initially being found only in the north, Public Health England (PHE) said on Sunday.
Urging people to practice safe sex, the PHE gave a grim warning that if the current cases of a so-called “super gonorrhoea” become resistant to all forms of antibiotics, there is currently no new drug available and the infection could become untreatable, Xinhua news agency reported.
The safe-sex call comes as an increase in antibiotic resistant cases of the super gonorrhoea continues, a further sign of the very real threat of antibiotic resistance to the ability to treat infections, said PHE.
A national alert was issued in November 2014, when the first case was detected in the city of Leeds, with doctors discovering one of the main treatments had become useless against it.
This total number of cases confirmed in England, between November 2014 and April 2016, has now increased to 34, but the number of men and women with the infection could well be much higher as there are often no signs a person is infected.
“PHE continues to monitor and investigate gonorrhoea cases that are highly resistant to the antibiotic ‘azithromycin’,” said the agency.
How does HIV virus evades immune system
New York: Scientists have identified a human (host) protein that weakens the immune response to HIV and other viruses.
“Our study provides critical insight on a paramount issue in HIV research: Why is the body unable to mount an efficient immune response to HIV to prevent transmission?” said one of the researchers Sumit Chanda, professor and director of Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) in the US.
The findings showed that a deficiency in NLRX1 -- an intracellular protein -- reduces the replication of the HIV virus.
It also slows down the power of immune system and promotes immunity to infection.
“Importantly, we were able to show that deficiencies in NLRX1 reduce HIV replication, suggesting that the development of small molecules to modulate the innate immune response may inhibit viral transmission and promote immunity to infection,” Chanda added, in the paper published in the journal Cell Host and Microbe.
Further, host immune checkpoints that control the immune response to cancer were also discovered.
“This research expands our understanding of the role of host proteins in viral replication and the innate immune response to HIV infection, and can be extended to DNA viruses such as HSV and vaccinia,” added another researcher Haitao Guo, postdoctoral research associate at University of North Carolina.
Immune checkpoints are immunological “brakes” that prevent the over-activation of the immune system on healthy cells.
Tumour cells often take advantage of these checkpoints to escape detection of the immune system.
The results have important implications for improving HIV antiviral therapies, creating effective viral vaccines, and advance a new approach to treat cancer, the team concluded.
