Rare plant species discovered in Nagaland, a first for India

Published on Apr 8, 2025

Saxifraga rufescens Balf.f. var. rufescens plant in its natural habitat. (Photo: Santanu Dey)
DIMAPUR — Researchers have made a significant botanical discovery in Noklak district, identifying Saxifraga rufescens var. rufescens, a plant species previously thought to be confined to China and Myanmar.
This finding represents both a new addition to India’s flora and the first recorded instance of this species in Nagaland.
The plant was found thriving on moss-covered rocks within the temperate broad-leaved evergreen forest of the Khelia King mountain range of Noklak district, at an elevation of 2,265 metres above sea level.

Saxifraga rufescens Balf.f. var. rufescens plant in its natural habitat. (Photo: Santanu Dey)
During their September 2024 field surveys, researchers observed two distinct populations totalling 15-20 individual plants on surrounding mountain slopes.
“The state of Nagaland remains a treasure trove of untapped botanical diversity, with its flora yet to be thoroughly explored,” noted the research team in their report published in Feddes Repertorium.
The discovery team included Dr. Santanu Dey and Dr. Moaakum from Kohima Science College, along with Hussain A Barbhuiya from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
The report also explained that the original description of Saxifraga rufescens lacked a designated holotype -- a primary reference specimen. To establish clear scientific classification, the team designated a lectotype from the existing syntypes (specimens used in the original description) housed in various herbaria.
“To stabilise its nomenclature, a lectotype is designated from the syntypes housed at BM, E, HBG, and K,” it said.
The discovery not only expands the known range of Saxifraga rufescens but also establishes a new generic record for the state of Nagaland. “Furthermore, this finding contributes to the floristic richness of Nagaland, highlighting the region’s botanical significance and underscoring the need for further exploration,” stated the report.