Two path-breaking interventions by the Government have had a great impact on planning, execution and monitoring of large projects - PM Gati Shakti and PRAGATI.
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Two path-breaking interventions by the Government have had a great impact on planning, execution and monitoring of large projects - PM Gati Shakti and PRAGATI. We look at the latter in this piece.
The 50th high-level review under the PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) framework marks a fundamental shift in how the Indian State approaches governance, moving from intent to delivery, procedural compliance to outcomes, and fragmented authority to coordinated, timely execution. PRAGATI is thus not merely an administrative innovation; it represents a deliberate re-engineering of governance architecture. How did this model of governance deliver results when others have failed?
The Need for PRAGATI
Delays in public projects have become almost axiomatic. Yet they rarely stem from a lack of policy clarity or financial sanction. They arise because governance systems are fragmented. Ministries function vertically; States and the Centre act sequentially; and disputes circulate without a forum empowered to impose resolution. Accountability diffuses even as activity multiplies. The core problem is weak coordination and silo-based review mechanisms.
As a result, the broader objective of project delivery is often lost. Many projects remained stalled for years due to land issues, environmental or forest clearances, regulatory approvals, contractual disputes, or inter-State coordination challenges. In a multi-ministry and multi-State political economy where each entity lords over the domain it controls, it is difficult for anyone to convince the other.
When several States and Ministries have to contribute to project completion, the old approach of having meetings, discussions, field visits, constituting committees, and endless correspondence is ineffective. This was an approach in which discussion was mistaken for decision, activity for work, movement for progress and mere intent for achievement.
Enter PRAGATI
PRAGATI addresses these persistent structural failures by redesigning how decisions are taken, synchronised, and enforced. Functioning as a system integrator, it brings decision-makers across Ministries, States, and districts onto a single institutional and digital platform. It collapses delays caused by file movement, jurisdictional ambiguity, and inter-departmental correspondence. Most importantly, it restores a bird’s-eye view of execution, allowing leadership to identify where the system is constrained rather than where a file is pending.
The Hon’ble Prime Minister’s role in chairing PRAGATI reviews is central to its effectiveness. His direct engagement sends an unambiguous signal that delivery is a national priority and that execution failures will receive attention at the highest level. It facilitates decisive action and transforms review into a binding framework for results. Decisions taken during these reviews are final, time-bound, and digitally recorded, ensuring accountability is clear and enforceable.
Technology acts as a critical enabler. Real-time data, geo-spatial visualisation, and live interaction with field authorities eliminate information asymmetry between stakeholders and ensure that decision-making is grounded in evidence. Importantly, technology strengthens administrative judgment rather than replacing it, reinforcing leadership responsibility within the system.
What distinguishes PRAGATI from earlier review mechanisms is its insistence on closure. Issues remain live until resolved and are continuously tracked by the Cabinet Secretariat and the Prime Minister’s Office. Explanations no longer substitute outcomes. Over time, this discipline has reshaped administrative behaviour, encouraging Ministries and States to anticipate and resolve problems before escalation becomes necessary.
The Results
The outcomes are clearly visible and measurable. Projects worth over INR 85 lakh crore have seen accelerated progress. In recent years, ten projects of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) were reviewed under PRAGATI, enabling early resolution of bottlenecks and faster execution. I will use two projects as examples.
The National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal is a massive project involving many Ministries at the Centre like Culture, Defence, External Affairs, Railways and Highways as well as the Government of Gujarat. Also, since several coastal State pavilions are to be set up, the concerned States are also part of the project. Bringing the NMHC project onto the PRAGATI agenda last year immediately spurred action at multiple levels. Usually, the agenda is notified a few months before it is taken up for review by the Hon’ble Prime Minister, providing an opportunity for different stakeholders to address issues with a sense of urgency. The result is that most issues that can be sorted at an official/ministerial level are already sorted out and only intractable residual items requiring guidance or direction are taken up during the actual review.
Similarly, the Jal Marg Vikas project, which is being implemented on NW-1 that passes through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal was reviewed under PRAGATI twice. This project is now at completion stage with most pending issues resolved.
PRAGATI underscores a critical truth: public value is created not merely by announcing schemes, but by ensuring that sanctioned investments translate into outcomes. Stalled projects have progressed not because policies were rewritten, but because execution pathways were simplified and accountability enforced. Equally significant is PRAGATI’s contribution to cooperative federalism. By placing Chief Secretaries and Union Secretaries on a single real-time platform, it replaces fragmented responsibility with shared ownership of results.
PRAGATI@50 stands as evidence that governance outcomes are a function of institutional design. Dismantling silos, restoring a bird’s-eye view of execution, and prioritising closure, PRAGATI demonstrates that effective governance is not just about doing more, but also about doing what is already sanctioned, faster, better, and together. Timely execution accelerates access to services, boosts the economy, reduces regional disparities, and strengthens public confidence in the State’s capacity to govern.
PRAGATI is both a record of leadership-driven delivery and a blueprint for governing complexity. The Global attention and applause that it is receiving are proof of this.
T.K. Ramachandran
(The author is Ex Secretary, Ministry of Ports Shipping and Waterways)