In Nagaland, one increasingly hears a familiar refrain ‘Nagaland is a failed State’ and such statements begin to shape perception over time.
Some of the most consequential battles a society fights never appear in newspapers or legislatures. They unfold quietly in conversations, assumptions, and the stories people tell one another. In Nagaland, one increasingly hears a familiar refrain: "Nagaland is a failed State." Repeated often enough, such statements cease to be opinions and begin to shape perception. Societies are influenced not only by their policies but also by the stories they repeatedly tell about themselves.
This essay is not about roads, corruption, factionalism, Frontier Nagaland Territory, or any single political controversy. Those are symptoms, not the subject. The deeper issue is the mental climate through which these events are interpreted. Every society develops a prevailing public mood—a shared way of interpreting events—that shapes what people notice, what they dismiss, and what they believe is possible. Once pessimism becomes the prevailing mood, every problem confirms decline while every sign of progress becomes an exception. The battle is ultimately over perception.
There is an important distinction between criticism and discrediting. Criticism is indispensable to a healthy democracy. It exposes corruption, demands accountability, and seeks reform because it believes improvement is possible. Today's pessimism is understandable. It arises from real frustrations with governance, infrastructure, unemployment, and political uncertainty. These challenges deserve honest scrutiny. But recognising the roots of pessimism is not the same as accepting it as destiny. Discrediting begins when temporary failures become permanent identity—when "This institution has failed", this policy has failed, this project is a disaster, becomes "Nagaland has failed." That subtle shift alters the psychology of an entire society.
Among those who reinforce this narrative are not only habitual cynics but also sincere citizens, commentators, and advocacy groups genuinely frustrated by Nagaland's condition. Their concerns are often legitimate. Yet frustration, if left unchecked, can gradually replace the language of reform with the language of resignation. A society cannot reform itself if it first persuades itself that it is beyond redemption. The danger is not criticism—it is the moment criticism hardens into a collective identity of failure.
Psychologists call this confirmation bias—our tendency to interpret new events in ways that reinforce what we already believe. Once "Nagaland is a failed State" becomes the dominant narrative, every setback is absorbed as further proof that the narrative is correct. The stories a society believes determine not only what it sees, but also what it overlooks.
Self-perpetuating narratives distort reality by making every setback appear inevitable and every sign of progress seem exceptional. In time, they cease merely to describe reality; they begin to shape it. Confidence declines. Entrepreneurs hesitate to invest. Young people increasingly imagine their future elsewhere. Citizens disengage because they no longer believe institutions can improve. The resulting stagnation is then cited as proof that the original narrative was correct.
History reminds us that morale often matters more than material resources. Sun Tzu, the ancient Chinese strategist and author of The Art of War, observed that "The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting." Read metaphorically, his insight extends beyond warfare: the first victory in any struggle is won in the mind. A people convinced of their own defeat require little external opposition. The most decisive battlefield is often invisible.
The same lesson appears in modern history. Singapore possessed neither abundant land nor natural resources. Yet its founding Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, understood that its greatest resource was the confidence that its people could succeed despite those limitations. He sought to build not only an economy, but also a national mindset grounded in confidence and resilience. He fought not merely against poverty, but against defeatism.
Confidence became Singapore's first form of national capital. It attracted investment, encouraged enterprise, inspired resilience, and created the conditions for growth. Confidence is more than emotion; it is a developmental asset.
None of this suggests that Nagaland should ignore its problems or indulge in empty optimism. Governance deficits, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, unemployment, and institutional weaknesses demand honest scrutiny and courageous reform. Genuine criticism seeks solutions. Fatalism merely predicts failure.
Nagaland possesses assets many regions would envy: its strategic location within India's Act East vision, rich cultural capital, entrepreneurial youth, abundant natural resources, and proximity to emerging regional markets. These advantages guarantee nothing. But neither do they justify surrendering to a narrative of inevitable decline.
Every era has a dominant narrative. In Nagaland today, it is increasingly one of decline. Once it takes hold, every setback confirms it while every sign of progress is dismissed. The conversation shifts from "How do we solve this?" to "This only proves we cannot." That is the quiet power of a prevailing narrative: it does not merely interpret reality; it begins to shape it.
Nagaland's greatest challenge may not be a lack of resources, talent, or opportunity. It may be the battle for its own imagination. For the battlefield is in the imagination first. Every society wins or loses there before it does anywhere else. When pessimism becomes a people's identity, the future itself becomes its first casualty. If Nagaland allows pessimism to become its identity, it will surrender long before it is ever defeated.
Limhachan Kikon
Duncan Bosti, Dimapur