Improving water governance in rural India is becoming increasingly important due to rising demand, uneven distribution, and climate variability
Share
NEW DELHI — Improving water governance in rural India is becoming increasingly important due to rising demand, uneven distribution, and climate variability. Government programmes including the Atal Bhujal Yojana, the National Water Mission, and state initiatives as in Rajasthan and Maharashtra, highlight the effectiveness of participatory approaches to build water security and climate resilience, according to an official factsheet released on Wednesday.
Technology further strengthens these efforts by supporting data-driven planning at the local level using tools like the Varuni web application. Integrating water budgeting into planning, backed by community involvement and policy support, promotes sustainable water use, the statement said.
Launched in 2019, the Atal Bhujal Yojana promotes water budgeting as a key tool for decentralised water governance at Gram Panchayat (GP). The programme is implemented on a pilot basis across 229 blocks in seven groundwater-stressed states. During the assessments conducted in 2023-24 and 2024-25, 180 out of 229 blocks have shown measurable improvement in groundwater levels.
The scheme promotes revival and strengthening of traditional water conservation systems, including Gokatte, Bawdi, Johad, Tanka, Kalyani, and Diggi, adapted to local contexts. As of March 2026, approximately 81,700 water conservation and recharge structures have been created or restored.
The scheme mandates the annual preparation and updating of water budgets, with 8,203 budgets completed across participating Gram Panchayats.
The growing stress on limited water resources has resulted in declining groundwater levels, seasonal water shortages, and increasing conflicts over water allocation. All these challenges highlight the need to move away from a supply-driven approach towards demand-based and planned water management systems.
In this context, water budgeting has emerged as a significant tool for sustainable development in water-stressed regions where scarcity and uneven distribution threaten economic stability, food security, and climate resilience.
Similarly, the National Water Mission recognises water budgeting as a foundational element of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Water budgeting under the Mission aligns with national priorities of water conservation, sustainability, and long-term water security.
Additionally, Nari Shakti se Jal Shakti under NWM emphasises women-led institutions, including Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Water Users’ Association (WUAs), and community groups in water conservation and management.
The Varuni web application, being implemented by the government, employs a scientifically robust yet user-friendly methodology to generate block-level water budgets. It integrates automatically sourced data from authoritative government portals, including rainfall, land use, cropping patterns, population, and water resources.
This data is subsequently processed through an in-built computational framework to produce structured water budget assessments. The Varuni web application (https://wasca.in/index) was developed under the Indo-German bilateral project “Water Security and Climate Adaptation in Rural India (WASCA)”.