Can ILP and Progress Coexist?
In the mountainous folds of Nagaland, where tradition walks hand in hand with the past, the ILP system continues to hold its ground like an age-old sentinel.
Published on May 28, 2025
By EMN
- In the mountainous folds of Nagaland, where tradition walks
hand in hand with the past, the Inner Line Permit (ILP) system continues to
hold its ground like an age-old sentinel. Born from the Bengal Eastern Frontier
Regulation Act of 1873, this colonial-era mechanism was intended to keep the
British safe from tribal resistance; today, it serves as a firewall, protecting
indigenous Naga communities from the perceived tide of cultural dilution and
economic displacement. But in a nation racing toward integration and modernity,
the ILP is both shield and shackle.
- To its defenders, ILP is the last bastion of Naga identity.
In a time when borders blur and populations shift, it is a legal scaffold
upholding the right of the Nagas to preserve their language, customs, and land.
Without such a system, they argue, Nagaland would be throwing open the
floodgates to a demographic flood that could drown its tribal ethos. The land
belongs to those who have tilled it with blood and memory, not to outsiders
with checkbooks and bulldozers. With Article 371(A) already granting Nagaland
autonomy over land and customary law, ILP serves as the barbed wire fence
ensuring this autonomy doesn’t get quietly undermined.
- Yet, as the rest of the country eyes “Ease of Doing
Business,” ILP casts a long bureaucratic shadow over Nagaland’s economic
aspirations. Investors often give the state a wide berth, wary of navigating
red tape and legal restrictions that come with ILP compliance. In sectors like
tourism, where Nagaland could have shone with its rich tapestry of culture, the
permit system acts like a “keep out” sign on the welcome mat. Potential tourists
are often deterred by the paperwork, leaving local artisans and homestays
twiddling their thumbs in anticipation.
- Moreover, the ILP does not stop the steady exodus of
educated Naga youth. With limited opportunities at home, the young and restless
pack their bags for greener pastures, only to return during holidays—or not at
all. While the law keeps outsiders at bay, it ironically cannot hold back its
own from leaving. In trying to preserve the garden, Nagaland risks losing its
gardeners.
- There’s also the matter of misplaced trust in the system’s
effectiveness. Enforcement is inconsistent, and the black market for fake
permits exists in the shadows. As is often the case with rigid protectionist
policies, loopholes become currency. What was meant to safeguard may end up
fostering a false sense of security, while corruption seeps in through the back
door.
- It would be simplistic to paint ILP as an outright villain
or hero. Like most tools of governance, its value depends on context, intent,
and execution. Scrapping it entirely would be akin to throwing the baby out
with the bathwater, but romanticising it as a panacea would also be living in a
fool’s paradise. The path forward lies in reform, not rejection. An intelligent
recalibration—making it flexible for tourists, transparent for investors, and
firm for land rights—could strike the delicate balance between preservation and
progress.
- In Nagaland, the ILP debate isn’t just about law; it’s about
identity, opportunity, and the shape of the future. And as policymakers tiptoe
around this legal tripwire, one thing is certain: you can’t make an omelette
without breaking a few eggs. The state must decide whether ILP is a bridge to
sustainable self-determination or a wall that keeps the future at bay.
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- Mathew Rongmei
